User:Arxiloxos/Jefferson Lecture (draft)
The Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities is an honorary lecture series established in 1972 by the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH). According to the NEH, the Lecture is "the highest honor the federal government confers for distinguished intellectual achievement in the humanities."[1]
History of the Jefferson Lecture
[edit]The Jefferson Lecturer is selected each year by the National Council on the Humanities, the 26-member citizen advisory board of the NEH. The honoree delivers a lecture in Washington, D.C., generally in conjunction with the spring meeting of the Council, and receives an honorarium of $10,000. The stated purpose of the honor is to recognize "an individual who has made significant scholarly contributions in the humanities and who has the ability to communicate the knowledge and wisdom of the humanities in a broadly appealing way."[1]
The first Jefferson Lecturer, in 1972, was Lionel Trilling. He spoke on "Mind in the Modern World." Among other things, Trilling suggested that humanism had become the basis for social improvement, rather than science and the scientific method as has been predicted by Thomas Jefferson, the Lectures' namesake.[2] Ten years later, Gerald Holton, the first scientist invited to deliver the lecture, drew attention for responding to Trilling, proposing that Jefferson's vision of science as a force for social improvement was still viable, opining that there had been a "relocation of the center of gravity" of scientific inquiry toward solving society's important problems,[2] and cautioning that science education had to be improved dramatically or only a small "technological elite" would be equipped to take part in self-government.[3]
The selection of the 2000 Jefferson Lecturer led to a spate of controversy. The initial selection was President Bill Clinton. William R. Ferris, chairman of the NEH, said that his intent was to establish a new tradition for every President to deliver a Jefferson Lecture during his or her presidency, and that this was consistent with the NEH's broader effort to increase public awareness of the humanities. However, some scholars and political opponents objected that the choice of Clinton represented an inappropriate and unprecedented politicization of the NEH. William J. Bennett, a conservative Republican and former chairman of the NEH under President Reagan, charged that the proposal was an example of how Clinton had "corrupted all of those around him."[4] In the wake of the controversy, President Clinton declined the honor; a White House spokesperson said the President "didn't want the work of the National Endowment for the Humanities to be called into question."[5]
Ultimately the 2000 honor went to historian James M. McPherson, whose lecture turned out to be very popular. Subsequently, the NEH revised the criteria for the award to place more emphasis on speaking skills and public appeal.[6]
The next Jefferson Lecture, by playwright Arthur Miller, again led to attacks from conservatives[7] such as Jay Nordlinger, who called it "a disgrace,"[8] and George Will, who did not like the political content of Miller's lecture and argued that Miller was not legitimately a "scholar."[9]
The most recent Jefferson Lecturers have included journalist/author Tom Wolfe;[10] Straussian conservative political philosopher Harvey Mansfield;[11] and novelist John Updike, who, in a nod to the NEH's Picturing America arts initative, devoted his 2008 lecture to the subject of American art.[12][13]
Publications based on Jefferson Lectures
[edit]A number of the Jefferson Lectures have led to books, including Holton's The Advancement of Science, and Its Burdens,[14] John Hope Franklin's Racial Equality in America,[15] Henry Louis Gates' The Trials of Phillis Wheatley[16] and Jaroslav Pelikan's The Vindication of Tradition.[17] Bernard Lewis' 1990 lecture on "Western Civilization: A View from the East" was revised and reprinted in The Atlantic Monthly under the title "The Roots of Muslim Rage";[18] according to one source, this essay first introduced the term "Islamic fundamentalism" to North America.[19]
List of Jefferson Lecturers
[edit]The following table lists the Jefferson Lecturers and the titles of their lectures.[1]
| Year | Lecturer | Lecture Title | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1972 | Lionel Trilling | "Mind in the Modern World" | |
| 1973 | Erik Erikson | "Dimensions of a New Identity" | |
| 1974 | Robert Penn Warren | "Poetry and Democracy" | |
| 1975 | Paul A. Freund | "Liberty: The Great Disorder of Speech" | |
| 1976 | John Hope Franklin | "Racial Equality in America" | |
| 1977 | Saul Bellow | "The Writer and His Country Look Each Other Over" | |
| 1978 | C. Vann Woodward | "The European Vision of America" | |
| 1979 | Edward Shils | "Render Unto Caesar: Government, Society, and Universities in their Reciprocal Rights and Duties" | |
| 1980 | Barbara Tuchman | "Mankind's Better Moments" | |
| 1981 | Gerald Holton | "Where is Science Taking Us?" | |
| 1982 | Emily T. Vermeule | "Greeks and Barbarians: The Classical Experience in the Larger World" | |
| 1983 | Jaroslav Pelikan | "The Vindication of Tradition" | |
| 1984 | Sidney Hook | "Education in Defense of a Free Society" | |
| 1985 | Cleanth Brooks | "Literature and Technology" | |
| 1986 | Leszek Kolakowski | "The Idolatry of Politics" | |
| 1987 | Forrest McDonald | "The Intellectual World of the Founding Fathers" | |
| 1988 | Robert Nisbet | "The Present Age" | |
| 1989 | Walker Percy | "The Fateful Rift: The San Andreas Fault in the Modern Mind" | |
| 1990 | Bernard Lewis | "Western Civilization: A View from the East" | |
| 1991 | Gertrude Himmelfarb | "Of Heroes, Villains and Valets" | |
| 1992 | Bernard Knox | "The Oldest Dead White European Males" | |
| 1993 | Robert Conquest | "History, Humanity and Truth" | |
| 1994 | Gwendolyn Brooks | "Family Pictures" | |
| 1995 | Vincent Scully | "The Architecture of Community" | |
| 1996 | Toni Morrison | "The Future of Time" | |
| 1997 | Stephen Toulmin | "A Dissenter's Story" | |
| 1998 | Bernard Bailyn | "To Begin the World Anew: Politics and the Creative Imagination" | |
| 1999 | Caroline Walker Bynum | "Shape and History: Metamorphosis in the Western Tradition" | |
| 2000 | James M. McPherson | "'For a Vast Future Also': Lincoln and the Millennium" | |
| 2001 | Arthur Miller | "On Politics and the Art of Acting" | |
| 2002 | Henry Louis Gates, Jr. | "Mr. Jefferson and the Trials of Phillis Wheatley" | |
| 2003 | David McCullough | "The Course of Human Events" | |
| 2004 | Helen Vendler | "The Ocean, the Bird, and the Scholar" | |
| 2005 | Donald Kagan | "In Defense of History" | |
| 2006 | Tom Wolfe | "The Human Beast" | |
| 2007 | Harvey Mansfield | “How to Understand Politics: What the Humanities Can Say to Science” | |
| 2008 | John Updike | “The Clarity of Things: What Is American about American Art” | |
| 2009 | TBA | TBA |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c Jefferson Lecturers at NEH Website (retrieved January 22, 2009).
- ^ a b Alvin Krebs and Robert McG. Thomas, "Notes on People; Jeffersonian Theory Gets New Lease on Life," New York Times, May 12, 1981.
- ^ "Holton, in Jefferson Lecture, Criticizes Science Education," Harvard Crimson, May 15, 1981.
- ^ Irvin Molotsky, "Choice of Clinton to Give Humanities Lecture Meets Resistance," New York Times, September 21, 1999.
- ^ "National News Briefs; Clinton Declines Offer To Give Scholarly Talk," New York Times, September 22, 1999.
- ^ Ron Southwick, "NEH Wants Jefferson Lectures to Have More Public Appeal," Chronicle of Higher Education, October 6, 2000.
- ^ Bruce Craig, "Arthur Miller's Jefferson Lecture Stirs Controversy," OAH (Organization of American Historians) Newsletter, May 2001.
- ^ Jay Nordlinger, "Back to Plessy, Easter with Fidel, Miller’s new tale, &c." National Review, April 22, 2002.
- ^ George Will, "Enduring Arthur Miller: Oh, the Humanities!" Jewish World Review, April 10, 2001.
- ^ David Epstein, "A Speech in Full," Inside Higher Ed, May 11, 2006.
- ^ Philip Kennicott, "A Strauss Primer, With Glossy Mansfield Finish," Washington Post, May 9, 2007.
- ^ Jennifer Howard, "In Jefferson Lecture, Updike Says American Art Is Known by Its Insecurity," Chronicle of Higher Education, May 23, 2008.
- ^ Jay Tolson,"John Updike on American Art," U.S. News & World Report, May 23, 2008.
- ^ Gerald Holton, The Advancement of Science, and Its Burdens: The Jefferson Lecture and Other Essays (Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press 1986), ISBN 0521272432.
- ^ John Hope Franklin, Racial Equality in America (Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1993), ISBN 0826209122 .
- ^ Henry Louis Gates, The Trials of Phillis Wheatley: America's First Black Poet and Her Encounters with the Founding Fathers (Basic Civitas Books, 2003), ISBN 0465027296
- ^ Jaroslav Pelikan, The Vindication of Tradition: The 1983 Jefferson Lecture in the Humanities, (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986), ISBN 0300036388.
- ^ Bernard Lewis, "The Roots of Muslim Rage," The Atlantic Monthly, September 1990.
- ^ Amber Haque, "Islamophobia in North America: Confronting the Menace," in Barry van Driel, ed., Confronting Islamophobia in Educational Practice (Trentham Books, 2004), ISBN 1858563402, p.6, excerpt available online at Google Books.
Category: Lecture series Category:American awards